Normally, the level of a liquid in a container is determined by sensing changes in the capacitance or resistance between a pair of electrodes that are immersed in the liquid. Generally speaking, this technique requires fairly complicated circuitry to protect the electrodes against electrolysis (and associated corrosion). In addition, in many cases the liquid must be conductive for the measurement principle to actually be usable. The circuit presented here shows that an alternative approach is possible.
Circuit diagram:
Novel Liquid-Level Sensor Circuit Diagram
Here we utilise the fact that a PTC resistor warms up in pro-portion to the amount of current flowing through it, with the result that its resistance increases. If a PTC resistor is immersed in a liquid, the additional warmth is dissipated in the liquid and the resistance remains nearly constant.
If the level of the liquid drops below the immersion depth of the resistor, the change in the resistance can be easily sensed by a subsequent comparator stage. The PTC resistor should be isolated from the fluid into which it is immersed, in order to prevent undesirable electrolytic processes from taking place. A further improvement in the characteristics of the circuit can be achieved by using a logic circuit such as a microcontroller to apply power to the circuit only at predefined times and then switch off the power after sampling the comparator output.
http://www.ecircuitslab.com/2012/01/novel-liquid-level-sensor.html
